Does stuttering count as a disability?
In order to be substantially limited, you only need to have one major life activity affected by stuttering, not multiple activities. This means that if you are a stutterer, who is substantially limited in the major life activity of speaking, you may be considered disabled under the ADA.
Several speech disorders, including stuttering, qualify for disability benefits under the Social Security Disability Insurance Program.
However, according to the American with Disabilities Act (ADA), discrimination on the basis of stuttering is prohibited by a number of anti-discrimination laws. If you have been discriminated against due to a stutter, you are urged to contact an employment lawyer at your earliest convenience.
it is up to the employer to ensure that the person feels comfortable during a job interview, especially if it is a virtual one. If the person stutters excessively during the interview, you must not think that it's indicative of how they will perform on the job.
Article Sections. Childhood-onset fluency disorder, the most common form of stuttering, is a neurologic disability resulting from an underlying brain abnormality that causes disfluent speech.
To be approved, your allegations of speech loss must be supported with strong medical evidence. If your speech problem is a symptom of an underlying illness, such as Parkinson's Disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), your treatment records should include these conditions as well.
To summarize: There's no definitive answer, but when you're scoring the SSI, count a disfluency as a moment of stuttering if it seems that the person is stuck. If it seems that the person is just thinking, or if it's some other type of disfluency, then consider a non-stuttered disfluency and don't count it in the SSI.
Stuttering is usually diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist. This is a health professional who is trained to test and treat people with voice, speech, and language disorders. If you or your child stutters, your regular health care provider may give you a referral to a speech-language pathologist.
Starkweather and Givens (2004) developed a theory of an identical process of PTSD and stuttering, with patterns of dissociation, avoidance, repetitive experience of fear and hyper arousal associated with PTSD and stuttering. But if this is so, stuttering is then a very specific form of PTSD.
Stuttering may increase during certain social situations. For example, speaking in front of a group or talking on the phone may make it worse. Some activities can make it better. These include singing, reading, or speaking in unison with other people.
Does stuttering get worse with age?
Age is among the strongest risk factors for stuttering with several important implications.
People who stutter can be fluent at times, and also struggle to communicate without using filler words like “uh” or “huh” at others. For me, there are moments when talking is easier and moments when talking is hard. Growing up with a stutter is an everyday challenge.
It's important to realise that stuttering doesn't necessarily need to hold you back. Many people who stutter enjoy fulfilling careers as teachers, doctors, lawyers, executives, actors, comedians, soldiers, and so on. Some are even successful in sales roles and entrepreneurship, where communication is everything.
Stutterers have same full range of personality traits as non-stutterers. People who stutter often have excellent communications skills. Many are very often qualified for and interested in positions requiring them to deal with members of the public on a daily basis.
Speech disorders alone will not qualify, but depending on the cause of your child's speech disorder, he or she may be eligible. All children are eligible for Supplemental Security Income, or SSI benefits. SSI is only awarded to families with a severe financial need.
Modern research is providing the scientific community with evidence of an intricate relationship between autism and stuttering, cluttering and/or word-final disfluencies. According to studies published by Kathleen Scaler Scott (2013), stuttering like disfluencies are common in those with Asperger's Syndrome.
Researchers have identified an association between ADHD and stuttering. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty concentrating, behave impulsively, and exhibit hyperactive behavior. Some individuals with ADHD may also experience speech disorders, such as stuttering.
Stuttering is not a completely psychological phenomenon. Depression and anxiety may make stuttering worse, but it is a multi-dimensional disorder. Genetics, neural functions, and cellular factors contribute to speech disfluency in people.
The 3 types of stuttering are developmental stuttering, neurogenic stuttering, and psychogenic stuttering. The exact cause of stuttering is unknown. A speech-language pathologist diagnoses stuttering by evaluating your child's speech and language abilities. There is no cure for stuttering.
Stuttering, or stammering, is a speech disorder characterised by interruptions to speech such as hesitating, repeating sounds and words, or prolonging sounds. Around one per cent of people in all cultures stutter.
What can disqualify you from SSI benefits?
- You Earn Too Much Income. ...
- Your Disability Won't Last Long Enough or Isn't Severe Enough. ...
- The SSA Cannot Find You. ...
- You Refuse to Cooperate. ...
- You Fail to Follow Prescribed Therapy. ...
- Your Disability Is Based on Drug Addiction or Alcoholism. ...
- You Have Been Convicted of a Crime. ...
- You Commit Fraud.
Speech Fluency Assessment
The Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI-4) is a norm-referenced stuttering assessment. Another option is the Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOCS). Both assessments provide information about the severity of the student's stuttering.
Research shows that stuttering is not a mental health diagnosis, and anxiety is not the root cause of stuttering. Anxiety can, however, make stuttering worse. This can create a vicious feedback loop in which a person fears stuttering, causing them to stutter more.
Researchers currently believe that stuttering is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, language development, environment, as well as brain structure and function[1]. Working together, these factors can influence the speech of a person who stutters.
In many cases, stuttering goes away on its own by age 5. In some kids, it goes on for longer. Effective treatments are available to help a child overcome it.
Stuttering resulting from other causes
Speech fluency can be disrupted from causes other than developmental stuttering. A stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other brain disorders can cause speech that is slow or has pauses or repeated sounds (neurogenic stuttering).
Child abuse can indeed cause some kinds of speech impairments. It has been shown that stuttering, slurred speech, selective mutism (not talking at all in some situations), and baby talk can all be caused by emotional abuse.
Affective decompensation has been associated with lateralized cerebral dysfunction, and it is hypothesized that in some bipolar catatonic patients a concomitant disorder of the lateralization of language function may lead to a variety of clinical presentations including aphasia, mutism, and stuttering.
Developmental stuttering occurs in young children while they are still learning speech and language skills. It is the most common form of stuttering.
What processes in the brain cause people to stutter? Previous studies showed imbalanced activity of the two brain hemispheres in people who stutter compared to fluent speakers: A region in the left frontal brain is hypoactive, whereas the corresponding region in the right hemisphere is hyperactive.
Is stuttering caused by trauma?
The experts stated that traumatic experiences, such as accidents can cause a person to develop stuttering. The experts explained that while some people may develop stuttering due to genetics, the effect of a traumatic event can lead a person to start stuttering.
stammerer. noun [ C ] /ˈstæm. ər.ər/ us.
Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. You may speak very slowly and deliberately when beginning speech therapy, but over time, you can work up to a more natural speech pattern. Electronic devices. Several electronic devices are available to enhance fluency.
For those who stutter, finding a job can be one of their greatest challenges as interviews require strong verbal communication skills to express ideas, explain work experiences and convince interviewers that the applicant is the best person for the job.
- Sales.
- Scientist.
- Speech and language therapist.
- Sport.
- Teacher / lecturer /education.
- Trade union official.
- Visual arts.
- Writer.
Can you stutter in the US Armed Forces? Many people who stutter serve successfully in the armed forces.
References
- https://www.centerforvocalhealth.com/blog/does-smoking-affect-the-voice
- https://www.musictimes.com/articles/82390/20210607/ariana-grande-freddie-mercury-mariah-carey-list-singers-largest-octave.htm
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094730X96000538/pdf?md5=b12de4044c29a5b1d1cd9505c5b7be99&pid=1-s2.0-S0094730X96000538-main.pdf
- https://operavision.eu/feature/voice-types
- https://therapistndc.org/stuttering-is-a-type-of-neurodivergence/
- https://vcm.bc.ca/struggle-to-speak-but-can-sin/
- https://stamurai.com/blog/parental-guide-to-teenage-stuttering/
- https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-stuttering
- https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/a31046282/king-george-vi-stutter-speech/
- https://www.stuttering.co.nz/news/why-are-males-more-likely-to-stutter/
- https://blog.slpnow.com/stuttering-assessment/
- https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html
- https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/health-and-fitness/20221214159559/chris-kamara-apraxia-explained-itv-documentary/
- https://www.healthline.com/health-news/mental-perceived-attractiveness-has-everything-to-do-with-your-voice-042413
- https://theperfectvoice.com/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Aguilera
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_(singer)
- https://www.nostut.com/dont-people-stutter-sing/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
- https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/social-security-disability-reasons-denial-32396.html
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/19/obituaries/mel-tillis-dead.html
- https://pegasushomecare.com/services/pegasus-personal-care/ways-personal-care-can-help/what-causes-a-senior-to-suddenly-start-stuttering/
- https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2014/10/stuttering-will-my-child-outgrow-it
- https://www.stuttering.co.nz/news/why-dont-we-stutter-when-we-sing/
- https://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=169673
- https://www.liveabout.com/singers-who-suffered-serious-vocal-injuries-2455767
- https://www.songkick.com/leaderboards/popular_artists
- https://www.openmicuk.co.uk/advice/can-you-learn-to-sing/
- https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/stuttering
- https://www.gracefullyslathy.com/culture/angry-with-god/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815020352/pdf?md5=89bcc5423a0497c55a9f6c7bbce05204&pid=1-s2.0-S1877042815020352-main.pdf
- https://www.speechpathologygraduateprograms.org/2017/11/6-famous-people-you-never-knew-had-a-speech-disorder/
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/774967
- https://stamurai.com/blog/why-dont-we-stutter-when-talking-alone/
- https://familydoctor.org/condition/stuttering/
- https://tourette.org/ask-expert-pamela-malley/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stutterers
- https://www.auslogics.com/en/articles/how-to-fix-audio-stuttering-in-windows-10/
- https://www.westmountmag.ca/five-artists-said-to-have-perfect-pitch/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288304/
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/stammerer
- https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/eminem-helped-ed-sheeran-overcome-stuttering/story?id=31661107
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7636817/
- https://www.euronews.com/culture/2022/03/30/bruce-willis-steps-away-from-acting-after-being-diagnosed-with-brain-disorder-aphasia
- https://www.quikaid.com/article/speech-impairment
- https://www.sharecare.com/health/physical-disabilities/can-child-abuse-cause-speech
- https://www.nbcnews.com/health/body-odd/why-idol-contestants-stutter-goes-away-when-he-sings-flna1c8086160
- https://www.abcpediatrictherapy.com/childhood-speech-disorders-and-disability-benefits/
- https://theconversation.com/many-define-adeles-voice-by-its-power-but-the-true-artistry-comes-from-her-fragile-authentic-self-172299
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/bruce-willis-look-whos-talking
- https://hbr.org/2020/11/my-secret-not-my-stutter-was-limiting-my-life
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_octave
- https://www.sisskinstutteringcenter.com/arts-stories/its-okay-to-stutter
- https://www.stuttering.co.nz/news/is-there-a-cure-for-stuttering/
- https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering
- https://www.vox.com/2014/8/28/18010384/beyonces-vocal-range-and-dance-ability-are-a-rarity-in-pop-music
- https://www.thetoptens.com/music/male-singers-with-angelic-voice/
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/adhd-stuttering
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus
- https://news.asu.edu/20220331-arizona-impact-primer-aphasia-speech-disorder-forcing-bruce-willis-retire
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/famouspeople
- https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/can-anxiety-cause-stuttering-a-look-at-speech-and-mental-health-1130189
- https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/
- https://videolearningsquad.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Speech-Tools_-Pullouts-and-Cancellations.pdf
- https://stamurai.com/blog/adolescent-stuttering-psychological-impact/
- https://www.natur.cuni.cz/eng/aktuality/popular-science/popular-science-the-attractiveness-of-our-voice
- https://stutteringhelp.org/age-factor-stuttering
- https://www.say.org/stuttering-101/listening-tips/
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/mel-tillis-stuttering-country-star-whose-music-spoke-pristinely-dies-at-85/2017/11/19/b0f3a5c2-cd46-11e7-9d3a-bcbe2af58c3a_story.html
- https://www.yardbarker.com/entertainment/articles/the_greatest_singing_voices_of_all_time/s1__29698463
- https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/strange-performance-directions/
- https://www.georgiadisabilitylawyerblog.com/can-i-recover-social-security-disability-benefits-for-stuttering/
- https://www.stutteringtreatment.org/blog/the-americans-with-disabilities-act-what-it-means-to-people-who-stutter
- https://yonamariemusic.com/yona/blog/159/whitney-houstons-often-debated-vocal-range
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/henrydevries/2019/10/27/overcome-speaking-fear-like-harrison-ford-julia-roberts-and-samuel-l-jackson/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004222006319
- https://www.torontospeechtherapy.com/ask-me-anything/2020/8/05/stuttering-and-tics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven
- https://acadiananeurosurgery.com/8-warning-signs-of-a-brain-tumor/
- https://www.openmicuk.co.uk/advice/what-are-the-hardest-most-difficult-songs-to-sing/
- https://yonamariemusic.com/yona/blog/332/analyzing-taylor-swifts-vocal-range
- https://www.aphasia.org/stories/profiles-aphasia-randy-travis/
- https://stamurai.com/blog/what-employers-should-know-about-candidates-who-stutter/
- https://westutter.org/causes-of-stuttering/
- https://www.stuttering.co.nz/news/why-mental-health-should-be-a-focus-for-people-who-stutter/
- https://stutteringtherapyresources.com/blogs/blog/how-do-i-score-the-stuttering-severity-instrument-ssi
- https://bibleproject.com/podcast/the-first-time-god-gets-angry/
- https://casafuturatech.com/does-background-noise-increase-decrease-stuttering/
- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/alan-rickman-dead-harry-potter-actor-had-the-most-perfect-voice-according-to-science-a6812126.html
- https://speecheasy.com/list-of-famous-people-who-stutter/
- https://www.speechbuddy.com/blog/speech-disorders/the-kings-speech-how-george-vi-overcame-his-stutter/
- https://www.starkey.com/blog/articles/2022/03/Dave-Grohl-hearing-loss
- https://www.stammeringlaw.org.uk/employment/examples-jobs/
- https://www.healthline.com/health/stuttering
- https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
- https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8203371/The-Kings-Speech-how-Lionel-Logue-cured-King-George-VIs-stammer.html
- http://your-personal-singing-guide.com/vocal-range.html
- https://www.smoothradio.com/features/best-male-singers/
- https://www.newstalk.com/news/which-singer-has-the-greatest-recorded-vocal-range-of-all-time-699955
- https://www.thehealthyjournal.com/faq/which-singer-has-the-most-angelic-voice
- https://stutteringtherapyresources.com/blogs/blog/is-stuttering-neurological
- https://ledgernote.com/blog/interesting/best-singers-of-all-time/
- http://heartlandsings.org/Connect/BlogPodcast/ArticleID/65/The-Highest-Note-Ever.aspx
- https://www.rochdale.gov.uk/rochdale-music-service/learn-countertenor-voice
- https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/12/22/372486880/singer-joe-cocker-has-reportedly-died-at-age-70
- https://www.3playmedia.com/blog/did-you-know-these-10-celebrities-are-deaf-or-hard-of-hearing/
- https://sopm.gg/5-female-living-singers-largest-vocal-range/
- https://www.vice.com/en/article/689ngr/top-8-artists-who-need-speech-therapy
- https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stutter.html
- https://www.kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-resources/media-and-interactives/media/opera/understanding-different-voice-types/
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10608
- https://www.torontospeechtherapy.com/ask-me-anything/2020/7/16/who-discovered-stuttering
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/content/singing-stuttering
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/famous-people/king-george
- https://teenstarcompetition.co.uk/advice/which-singer-has-the-most-octaves-singers-range
- https://www.healthyvocaltechnique.com/the-vocal-wobble/
- https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/132/10/2747/330765
- https://www.discrimlaw.net/2022/04/25/discriminated-against-workplace-stuttering/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=discriminated-against-workplace-stuttering
- https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/music/linda-ronstadt-lost-her-voice-but-found-her-purpose-with-new-book-admits-i-never-liked-performing
- https://kcrr.com/guinness-world-record-loudest-female-vocal-note-video/
- https://www.orcam.com/en/blog/famous-blind-men-to-be-inspired-by/
- https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=stuttering-90-P02290
- https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/08/23/mclaughlin-worlds-lowest-voice.cnn
- https://www.stutteringtreatment.org/blog/stuttering-in-the-military-2
- https://thefutzbutler.com/news/the-10-most-unique-voices-in-music
- https://www.stutteringsociety.com/for-employees-employers/
- https://www.stammeringlaw.org.uk/employment/recruitment-promotion/should-i-tell-employer-i-stammer/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Storms
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/symptoms-causes/syc-20353572
- https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6632829
- https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2010/jul/16/women-high-pitched-voices-men
- https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/stuttering-facts
- https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrities/2022/04/19/625f294dca4741d56d8b45c8.html
- https://www.thisisdig.com/feature/best-female-singers-of-all-time/
- https://www.childline.org.uk/get-support/ask-sam/you-and-your-body-asksam/is-stuttering-a-disability/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Tillis
- https://www.last.fm/tag/sweet+voice/artists
- https://www.singwise.com/articles/vibrato-what-it-is-and-how-to-develop-it
- https://westutter.org/facts-about-stuttering/
- https://www.goldderby.com/gallery/the-voice-most-famous-contestants/
- https://www.wikihow.com/Sing-Like-Ariana-Grande
- https://singa.com/blog/hardest-songs-to-sing/
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/content/kendrick-lamar
- https://stamurai.com/blog/neurogenic-stuttering-vs-psychogenic-stuttering/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0094730X87900015/pdf?md5=ef356868ff65c0d2df823f7f1b1af311&pid=1-s2.0-0094730X87900015-main.pdf&_valck=1
- https://punchng.com/trauma-can-cause-stuttering-speech-problems-experts/
- https://www.singlikeastar.com/at-what-age-is-your-singing-voice-fully-developed/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487581/
- https://www.flintrehab.com/stuttering-after-head-injury/
- https://buffalonews.com/news/new-vocal-exercises-put-a-stop-to-stuttering/article_8761ba21-2ac0-5407-a840-e97abef62174.html
- https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/stuttering
- https://screenrant.com/bass-baritone-actors-with-deep-voices/
- https://hellomusictheory.com/learn/famous-american-singers/
- https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stuttering
- https://theopera101.com/operaabc/voices
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/faq
- https://qbi.uq.edu.au/blog/2018/04/how-singing-reverses-neurological-problems-speech
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34116373/
- https://stamurai.com/blog/stuttering-and-singing-what-we-understand/
- https://stutterrockstar.com/2013/04/22/can-stuttering-be-cute/
- https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/sponsor-story/wharton-center/2016/02/04/top-10-male-vocalists/79645898/
- https://www.everydayhealth.com/stroke/celebrities-who-have-suffered-from-aphasia/
- https://www.stutteringhelp.org/content/job-seekers-who-stutter-can-become-great-employees
- https://stutter.ca/articles/2017/03/surviving-job-search-when-you-stutter
- https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/outstanding-singer-of-her-generation-whose-vocal-range-spanned-five-octaves-1.466304
- https://stamurai.com/blog/stuttering-and-autism-spectrum-disorder-diagnosis-and-treatment-in-children/
- http://web.mit.edu/jywang/www/cef/Bible/NIV/NIV_Bible/1SAM+21.html
- https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language
- https://vocalview.tumblr.com/post/147181834744/lady-gaga-voice-type
- https://www.cbs.mpg.de/stuttering-in-the-brain