1. Zooxanthellae: Corals Tutorial - National Ocean Service
Most importantly, zooxanthellae supply the coral with glucose, glycerol, and amino acids, which are the products of photosynthesis. The coral uses these ...
National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Corals
2. What is coral bleaching? - National Ocean Service
Missing: microalgae shelter interactions
When corals are stressed by changes in conditions such as temperature, light, or nutrients, they expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white.
3. Corals and Coral Reefs - Smithsonian Ocean
Missing: microalgae | Show results with:microalgae
The Ocean Portal Team
4. in reef ecosystems corals often have microalgae living inside them. the ...
6 days ago · In reef ecosystems corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients and the coral give shelter to the ...
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In reef ecosystems corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae? Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning …
5. [PDF] Coral reefs & Global climate change - The Pew Charitable Trusts
Foreword Eileen Claussen, President, Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Coral reefs represent some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, ...
6. Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent ... - IPCC
Carbon emissions from human activities are causing ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss with some evidence of changes in nutrient cycling and primary ...
Special Report: Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Ch 05
7. [PDF] 11th International Coral Reef Symposium Abstracts - NSUWorks
... supplies of sediment and nutrients to inshore coral reefs. Degradation of ... Within the skeleton of long-lived massive corals, oxygen isotope and Sr/Ca ...
8. How will our beloved reefs survive in the oceans of the future? - Aeon
Missing: microalgae | Show results with:microalgae
A warming planet and acid oceans will radically transform marine ecosystems. How will our beloved reefs survive?
9. Photosynthetic usable energy explains vertical patterns of ... - Nature
Dec 2, 2022 · The biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems is distributed heterogeneously across spatial and temporal scales, being commonly influenced by ...
The biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems is distributed heterogeneously across spatial and temporal scales, being commonly influenced by biogeographic factors, habitat area and disturbance frequency. A potential association between gradients of usable energy and biodiversity patterns has received little empirical support in these ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the productivity and biodiversity variation over depth gradients in symbiotic coral communities, whose members rely on the energy translocated by photosynthetic algal symbionts (zooxanthellae). Using a mechanistic model we explored the association between the depth-dependent variation in photosynthetic usable energy to corals and gradients of species diversity, comparing reefs with contrasting water clarity and biodiversity patterns across global hotspots of marine biodiversity. The productivity-biodiversity model explained between 64 and 95% of the depth-related variation in coral species richness, indicating that much of the variation in species richness with depth is driven by changes in the fractional contribution of photosynthetically fixed energy by the zooxanthellae. These results suggest a fundamental role of solar energy availability and photosynthetic production in explaining global-scale patterns of coral biodiversity and community structure along depth gradients. Accordingly, the maintenance of water optical quality in coral reefs is fundamental to protect coral biodiversity and prevent reef degradation.
10. Neural Network Recognition of Marine Benthos and Corals - MDPI
Symbiotic algae living in the corals are called zooxanthellae by the first person to report them [5], these microalgae provide the corals with most of the ...
We present thorough this review the developments in the field, point out their current limitations, and outline its timelines and unique potential. In order to do so we introduce the methods used in each of the advances in the application of deep learning (DL) to coral research that took place between the years: 2016–2018. DL has unique capability of streamlining the description, analysis, and monitoring of coral reefs, saving time, and obtaining higher reliability and accuracy compared with error-prone human performance. Coral reefs are the most diverse and complex of marine ecosystems, undergoing a severe decline worldwide resulting from the adverse synergistic influences of global climate change, ocean acidification, and seawater warming, exacerbated by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. DL is an extension of some of the concepts originating from machine learning that join several multilayered neural networks. Machine learning refers to algorithms that automatically detect patterns in data. In the case of corals these data are underwater photographic images. Based on “learned” patterns, such programs can recognize new images. The novelty of DL is in the use of state-of-art computerized image analyses technologies, and its fully automated methodology of dealing with large data sets of images. Automated Image recognition refers to technologies that identify and detect objects or attributes in a digital video or image automatically. Image recognition classifies data into selected categories out of many. We show that Neural Network methods are already reliable in distinguishing corals from other benthos and non-coral organisms. Automated recognition of live coral cover is a powerful indicator of reef response to slow and transient changes in the environment. Improving automated recognition of coral species, DL methods already recognize decline of coral diversity due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Diversity indicators can document the effectiveness of reef bioremediation initiatives. We explored the current applications of deep learning for corals and benthic image classification by discussing the most recent studies conducted by researchers. We review the developments in the field, point out their current limitations, and outline their timelines and unique potential. We also discussed a few future research directions in the fields of deep learning. Future needs are the age detection of single species, in order to track trends in their population recruitment, decline, and recovery. Fine resolution, at the polyp level, is still to be developed, in order to allow separation of species with similar macroscopic features. That refinement of DL will allow such comparisons and their analyses. We conclude that the usefulness of future, more refined automatic identification will allow reef comparison, and tracking long term changes in species diversity. The hitherto unused addition of intraspecific coral color parameters, will add the inclusion of physiological coral responses to environmental conditions and change thereof. The core aim of this review was to underscore the strength and reliability of the DL approach for documenting coral reef features based on an evaluation of the currently available published uses of this method. We expect that this review will encourage researchers from computer vision and marine societies to collaborate on similar long-term joint ventures.
11. 2 The Main Reef Builders and Space Occupiers - Oxford Academic
Amongst the algae, the microalgae symbiotic with corals are of key ... The dominant groups of biota on coral reefs are corals, soft corals, sponges, and algae.
12. [PDF] A Reef Manager's Guide to Coral Bleaching
relationship between corals and the microscopic algae that live within their tissue breaks down.These tiny algae, called zooxanthellae, provide corals with ...
13. [PDF] Underreported Stories on Climate Change and Coral Reefs in These ...
and its relationship with coral reef ecosystems most frequently, the literature also had a. Page 32. 25 high count of articles (38/239 or 16%) addressing the ...
14. Seaweeds and Corals from the Brazilian Coast - NCBI
May 23, 2023 · Marine organisms have significant biotechnological potential, such as the synthesis of bioactive molecules, the production of biofuels, ...
Brazil has a megadiversity that includes marine species that are distributed along 800 km of shoreline. This biodiversity status holds promising biotechnological potential. Marine organisms are important sources of novel chemical species, with applications ...
15. [PDF] california state university, northridge - CSUN ScholarWorks
kotschyanum commonly found in the lagoon around Moorea, offer habitat to abundant motile cryptofauna on coral reefs. This study is among the first to explore ...
16. [PDF] The sum is more than its parts
One of the best known examples for such a symbiosis is the interactions between tropical reef building corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates, where both ...
17. filamentous turf algae: Topics by Science.gov
To describe the general characteristics of competitive interactions between corals and turf algae, we determined the occurrence and outcomes of coral-turf algal ...
18. [PDF] National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa Condition Report
Stony (scleractinian) corals are important foundation species for shallow coral reef ecosystems, ... These algae live inside the coral polyps, converting sunlight ...
19. [PDF] ICRS 2022 Book of Abstracts
Ocean and coastal acidification – what are the issues for coral reefs? ... micro-algae (family. Symbiodiniaceae) have sustained coral reef ecosystems through ...